How does temperature affect the capacity of air to hold moisture?

The capacity of air to hold moisture is directly related to temperature, with warmer air being able to hold significantly more moisture than cooler air. This phenomenon is largely due to the increased kinetic energy of water molecules in warmer conditions, which allows more water vapor to coexist in the air without condensing into liquid. As temperature increases, the saturation point, which is the maximum amount of water vapor that air can contain, also rises. This relationship is fundamental in meteorology and is represented by the concept of relative humidity, which reflects how close the air is to being saturated with water vapor at a given temperature. In contrast, cooler air has a lower saturation point, meaning it cannot hold as much moisture, leading to the formation of dew or fog when the air reaches its cooling point.